The DMN, more active at rest, involves brain regions such as the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex and is implicated in self-referential activity and emotion regulation ( Bressler and Menon, 2010b).Ībnormalities in these networks have been found in depressed patients and are thought to reflect difficulties with the suppression of unwanted thoughts, deficits in attentional control over emotional stimuli, and difficulties with emotion recognition. The SN involving the anterior insula, pregenual anterior cingulate (pgACC) and amygdala is implicated in the processing of various aspects of salient stimuli, whereas the CEN, which consists of regions such as the dorsolateral, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior parietal cortex, is involved in cognitive functioning including attention and working memory ( Bressler and Menon, 2010a). The SN and the CEN are described as task-positive networks, activated during tasks and less active at rest in healthy controls. Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been found dysfunctional in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in networks such as the Salience Network (SN), the Central Executive Network (CEN), and the Default Mode Network (DMN) ( Sheline et al., 2010).
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